Clark & Division: Japanese Americans on Chicago’s Near North Side, 1940s-1960s - Part 1

Chicago’s Near North Side. In the early to mid-twentieth century it was a playground for the rich, transient stopover for the poor, home to beatniks, hippies, harlots, the Rush Street entertainment district and the Outfit. Historically a multi-ethnic stew, within its boundaries could be found Swede Town; German Broadway; Little Sicily; an Irish settlement on Goose Island called Kilgubbin; and La Clark, a Puerto Rican enclave displaced in the 1960s by Carl Sandburg Village.

In 1929, Harvey Warren Zorbaugh wrote about Chicago’s Near North Side:

Clark Street is the Rialto of the slum. Deteriorated store buildings, cheap dance halls and movies, cabarets and doubtful hotels, missions, “flops,” pawnshops and second-hand stores, innumerable restaurants, soft-drink parlors and “fellowship” saloons, where men sit about and talk, and which are hangouts for criminal gangs that live back in the slum, fence at the pawnshops, and consort with the transient prostitutes so characteristic of the North Side - such is “the Street.” It is an all-night street, a street upon which one meets all the varied types that go to make up the slum. (Harvey Warrren Zorbaugh, The Gold Coast and the Slum. The University of Chicago Press. 1929.)

Prior to WWII, Chicago counted roughly 400 ethnic Japanese among its residents. As a result of Executive Order 9066, which led to the forced removal and mass incarceration of 120,000 persons of Japanese ancestry along the U.S. West Coast, from 1942-1945 Chicago welcomed some 20,000 Japanese Americans both resettled from various concentration camps and returning from war.

Kusuhei and Tsuruyo Yamamoto resettled to Chicago in 1945 from Gila River War Relocation Center and established the Gila River Restaurant near Clark and Division. Later, they would operate the Liberty Inn a block north, at 1126 N. Clark. (Courtesy of the author)

While the United States War Relocation Authority advised relocatees to not congregate into ethnic enclaves as had been priorly established on the West Coast, but rather disperse and assimilate into greater society, a combination of the sheer volume of resettlers combined with the principles of chain migration led to the formation of two mid-century Nikkei enclaves in Chicago: One straddling the South Side’s Oakland and Kenwood neighborhoods near 43^rd and Ellis, and the other in heart of the Near North Side, centered at the corner of Clark and Division.

With over 200 Japanese American operated, run, and/or frequented establishments in the neighborhood over the course of two decades and thousands of residents living within the vicinity, it would be safe to say Clark and Division could have been considered one of two simultaneously existing Nihonmachi, or Japantown neighborhoods in Chicago during the wartime period as well as one of four extant in the United States. Two other Nikkei neighborhoods had been long established in Denver and Salt Lake City, whose sizable Japanese American communities had not been evacuated and who had also received resettled populations.

Clark and Division was a high density neighborhood of single occupancy hotels and tenements, mixed with street-level businesses. Situated in something of a “no man’s land” between the wealthy Gold Coast to the east and the poorer district of Old Town to the west, Clark Street had developed a reputation for vice with numerous night clubs, bars, and gambling establishments. For many former West Coast Japanese Americans resettled from camp, while they may have found their newly acquired conditional freedom better than incarceration under armed guard in barracks-strewn desert land, such bustling, crowded, and immoral inner city life was often utterly foreign and disturbing.

Clark and Division was the first stop for the author’s Nisei grandparents resettled from Gila River, who initially found housing at the Chi-Lark Apt. & Hotel, 815 N. Clark, operated by an unrelated Matsunaga family. (Courtesy of the author)

As the Chicago Nisei came of age, they established careers, stabilized financially, married, and began building their own families. Combined with urban renewal projects razing entire blocks near Clark and Division, advanced education and professional wages afforded them the opportunity to leave the congested environs of the Near North Side. Many, though by no means all, migrated three miles up Clark Street to the Lakeview neighborhood, in the area surrounding Wrigley Field. In the ensuing years, this community would develop a visible Japanese American presence.

Among entities that followed the migration from Near North to Lakeview were Diamond Trading, Toguri Mercantile, Triangle Camera, LaSalle Photo, Frank’s Watch Repair, Chicago Shimpo, Tom’s Standard Service, Aiko’s Art Materials, the Japanese American Service Committee, Nisei Lounge, Chikaraishi Optometry, Jiro Yamaguchi Law, Harry Omori Dentistry, York’s Grocery, Tenkatsu Restaurant, Matsuya Restaurant, Miyako Restaurant, and Johnny’s 3-Decker Sandwich Shop. Over a hundred other Nikkei entities would eventually establish or re-establish themselves in Lakeview over the course of thirty years from the 1960s-1990s, making that neighborhood Chicago’s last unofficial J-town.

Near North in the early 21st century is a fairly wealthy community. While some historic buildings remain within a stone’s throw of Clark and Division (the Mark Twain Hotel, ca. 1930, still anchors the southwest corner), nary a one makes reference to former Japanese inhabitants or the extensive Nikkei community that once quietly thrived here for the better part of two decades as a result of America’s wartime hysteria. Though a few entities founded in the 1940s Clark and Division neighborhood remain in legacy as of 2019, they have changed hands multiple times across generations and no longer reside on the Near North Side.

This article is not meant to be an exhaustive history. It is a glimpse into another time, a neighborhood extinct, an offering to the ghosts of resettlement and a tip of the hat to those who toiled relentlessly to drive our Japanese American community onward and upward in spite of starting over from scratch. Despite the seedy nature of Near North’s history, one can glean through the following first-hand accounts that in many ways it was a magical place to grow up, in some aspects a tiny village plopped into the bustle of city life, where everyone knew everyone and looked out for each other.

Clark and Division was the first stop for my Nisei grandparents in 1945, when they resettled in Chicago with my infant father. They first resided at the Chi-Lark Apartment & Hotel at 815 N. Clark, toward the southern end of the neighborhood, near Chicago Avenue. The Chi-Lark was operated by Issei businessman Tahei Matsunaga, unrelated to us but like my great-grandparents an immigrant from Kumamoto, also a former Gila River incarceree, and a pre-war family friend from California.

“We were all in the same boat, at Clark and Division,” I remember my grandmother once telling me. “It wasn’t easy. But gee, it sure beat being locked up.”

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The following accounts, from former residents, offer personal insight into both relocating to, and growing up in, the Clark and Division neighborhood. I thank all who took the time to share their experiences.

Special thanks:

Tonko Doi, for procuring recollections from Mototsugu “Junior” Morita and David Toguri.

Elizabeth B.J. Fukawa & Tyree Momii for referrals to additional former residents.

Ryan Yokota, Director of the Japanese American Service Committee Legacy Center Archives, for organizing multiple decades’ worth of community directories for address mapping.

Mike Takada, CEO of the Japanese American Service Committee, for allowing and encouraging continued research at the JASC.

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Mototsugu “Junior” Morita

Richard Akutagawa, Jack Hirai, and Mototsugu “Junior” Morita hang out at the entrance to the Clark/Division subway station. (Courtesy of the Morita family files)

The first twelve years of my life were spent on an apple orchard at the base of Mt. Hood in Oregon, the next three and a half years in the isolated internment camps in California and Idaho.

Needless to say, moving to Chicago was an eye opening experience to this very naïve country boy. The area around Clark and Division Streets was not the kind of place that a typical American family would move to in order to raise a family with upwardly mobile aspirations.

That stretch of Clark Street starting a little further north of Division and south to the Chicago River was referred to by some as “Honky Tonk USA.” Conventioneers whose tastes were not as refined as those attracted to Rush Street would be drawn to the entertainment venues appealing to the baser instincts of man. Bars, night clubs, burlesque clubs, gambling houses, and houses of “ill repute” were interspersed among the more respectable establishments.

The influence of strong family value, having responsible adults present, and the need to help support the family kept me busy enough not to succumb to all the flash surrounding me. Although places like “Talk of the Town,” “Casablanca,” “McGoverns,” “Liberty Inn,” and “Post Time” did pique my interests and I have to admit seeing some of the “heavenly bodies” did help me pull some respectable grades in the anatomy class in dental school…

When I attended Northwestern Dental School, I lived in an apartment with no air conditioning where my room window opened to Clark Street right above the entrance to “Anchor Club,” a bar owned by a Hawaiian Nisei. My windows were always open on hot summer nights. Studying in the wee hours of the morning, I would have entertainment furnished by the bouncer booting out unruly customers in various stages of intoxication. “Casablanca Night Club” across the street was where street walkers were sometimes seen playing their trades. I was never bored, but often distracted.

The Resettlers Committee, the precursor to the Japanese American Service Committee, was across the street when I lived in LaSalle Mansion at LaSalle and Maple Streets. My first jobs in the city as a high school student were found through this agency, when Corky Kawasaki was directing the place. I remember attending parties and meetings for young people in that facility.

What made Clark and Division and the immediate area around it a comfort zone for me was easy access to the things that were familiar to me such as Japanese-owned restaurants and grocery stores offering prepared as well as fresh Japanese foods, a barber shop, a shoe repair shop, dry cleaners, Nisei dentists, doctor, optometrist, jewelers, travel agent, accountant, and employment agent. Also present were many familiar faces of fellow students and their families, all of whom had been confined in the camps.

The Morita Siblings hang out in front of LaSalle Mansion, 1039 N. LaSalle: L-R – Dorothy (Kaneko), Ruth (Hidaka), Mototsugu “Junior”, Claude. (Courtesy of the Morita family files)

Entertainment venues like the five movie houses: Windsor, Newberry, Plaza, Surf, and Esquire; a Penny Arcade; Gold Coast Pool and Billiard Hall; and a bowling alley were all within walking distance. For those who wanted intellectual stimulation, a half block away from my house was the famous Newberry Library and Washington Square Park, otherwise known as Bughouse Square, where soap box orator would expound on their areas of expertise nightly.

Clark and Division may not have been what most people would consider a desirable place to live, but for me it was my home for thirteen years, from 1946-1959. I have fond memories of it and it was my community, especially the confectionary shop, Ting-a-Ling. Betty and I shared many a coffee and apple pie ala mode, during our courtship, when she hopped off the subway train at Clark and Division on route home to the North Side from her first teaching position on the South Side. Actually, it was my apple pie and Betty’s coffee . . . she paid! She was working, I was a poor dental student.

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Elsie Tanabe Yonamine

The Windsor Theater at 1225 N. Clark, where a young Elsie Tanabe Yonamine was a member of the Roy Rogers Fan Club, can be seen in the background, just behind the Windsor Hotel at 1219 N. Clark. On the street level of the Windsor Hotel was Asato Tofu Mfg. Co., operated by Tokujin Asato. (Courtesy of the author)

I was a member of the Windsor Theater’s Roy Rogers Fan Club. That allowed me a 10 cent admission price on Sundays. Since my mom had given me 31 cents for admission and popcorn, I had money to spare! And I would buy Plastic Wonder Bubbles on the way home. Such joy!! Life was fun for a little kid in those days. 58 West Elm Street is where we lived. The apartment was just three doors down from the Hawaiian Isle bar. The brick wall was painted over with a hula dancer – the original wall art which is so popular now!

In the summer, a bunch of us played Cowboys and Indians, although nobody was an Indian. The girls wanted to be Annie Oakley or Pistol Packin’ Patty. The boys had many more choices: Buffalo Bill, Tom Mix, Roy Rogers, Gene Autry – all heroes in the movies at the Windsor Theater. Every once in a while, the theater put on Fifteen Cartoon days – way better than today’s Avengers or Star Wars or other superhero movies, because we had no other entertainment besides our radios at home. We ran all around the block surrounded by Clark, Division Dearborn, and Elm Streets, laughing and shouting to our hearts’ content.

Another favorite pastime was roller skating on the old fashioned clip-on skates with a key you hung around your neck. I still have a photo of Takako on her skates, which I probably took with the Kodak Brownie camera my parents got for me on my tenth birthday.

Summer also meant a Sumo tournament held in some alley nearby. I wasn’t interested, so I don’t remember the details.

A lot of us Japanese kids went to Elm LaSalle Bible Church, which was just a block away. Our folks were Buddhist, but they figured any church was better than no church, so off we went. We joined Daily Vacation Bible School and loved the crafts and games at recess. In the summer, the church ran a day camp for two weeks which was also fun for us, especially when they took a busload of us to a faraway public swimming pool.

I joined the Pioneer Girls (sort of like Girl Scouts) and still remember the song and the pledge. In 7th or 8th grade, Pat, Taka, and I would go to Ting-a-Ling (an ice cream & candy store) instead of Pioneer Girls, our parents none the wiser. That was the extent of our secret pre-teen lives! As we grew older, some of us joined Christian churches and others went to Midwest Buddhist Church.

We all attended Ogden School, first on Chestnut Street, and later in its current location – I remember carrying textbooks from the old school to the new one on moving day. Nowadays, using kids like that wouldn’t be allowed. The best thing about the new Ogden School was the library – I remember checking out The Diary of Anne Frank – wow, what an education! When I was in high school, my friends and I went to see the play.

I usually walked home for lunch, but sometimes we went to the Lawson YMCA and bought mashed potatoes and gravy with a roll for 12 cents. Such luxury! We learned to swim at the McCormick YMCA – the greatest treat was a candy bar from the vending machine afterwards. That was 70 years ago – now, after exercise class, I love to go to Cheesecake Factory, absolutely negating the good effects of physical exertion!

In those days, we lived in old, cramped apartments with shared bathrooms, but we didn’t care because we had family and plenty of friends. The streets were safe and most of our needs could be taken care of right in the neighborhood – mothers could send kids out to the store to pick up milk or bread; our doctors, dentists, hair salon, cleaners were all nearby. So simple – just a short block away. No need for a car. The Loop was a quick ride on the subway or bus.

No play dates, no texts – just go outside and see who else is around. So simple!

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Elizabeth B.J. Fukawa

It’s so much fun looking over the names on that list, and interesting to see how many branched out to other areas of the city, and how some just disappeared. My father owned and operated Frank’s Watch Repair, first at 1168 North LaSalle Street and then 1162-1/2 North Clark Street in the Clark and Division neighborhood. He later moved the shop to Lakeview.

All I know about the LaSalle Street shop is that it was tiny, and had a back room separated from the shop by a curtain. The back room housed a refrigerator and freezer that belonged to a restaurant and every once in a while, one of the employees would breeze in with a “Gomenasai” or “Sumimasen,” pass through the curtains, and emerge with a huge fish on his shoulders. I always loved that visual.

I know my mother was pregnant with me at the time, but I believe we had moved into the Clark Street address before I was born, or shortly thereafter. I do have some shots of me mugging for the camera with my mom at the Clark Street address, and I have a photo of my dad at his bench.

“I recently found this shot of my mom and me in front of the 1162-1/2 location [of Frank’s Watch Repair, 1162-1/2 N. Clark]. I remember that the same Japanese man hand painted those letters on the front glass when we moved up to Diversey, another of those arts that died in the wake of technology.” – Elizabeth B.J. Fukawa (Courtsey of Elizabeth B.J. Fukawa)

I used to spend a lot of time heading down the subway stairs and emerging on the opposite side of the street to visit Excel Food Mart, owned by Kevin Kaneko’s uncle. I remember wooden casks filled with whatever fermenting paste was used to make the takuwan and uri; nothing in a jar ever came close to their product. Besides running the market, the Kaneko family owned the building I used to spend some of my after school hours in, at 1020 North Clark Street, as Kevin and I were the same age.

I remember various restaurant adventures, but through such a young filter; we moved out of the neighborhood when I was seven. I wish I had been older so my recollections could be clearer.

It just boggles my mind to see how far reaching its influence extended, geographically and institutionally, from retail to service to real estate; it’s like a family tree of an entire community!

I’m just sorry the Issei generation have passed on and that even the Nisei are of advanced age, which is fine if their faculties are still sharp; I’m sure the stories they could tell would be amazing and enlightening.

Read Part 2 >>

AUTHOR’S NOTE: Because this was a neighborhood of great transition (there was no Nikkei presence prior to 1942) not ALL of the listed businesses are Japanese or Japanese American owned or operated, but are still notable pieces of the Near North Side Nikkei community’s history, such as the famous Ting-a-Ling, a Caucasian-owned candy shop and Nisei hang-out; Fred Klaner Funeral Home, which serviced the early resettlers; The Hawaiian Club, a Korean American-owned pool hall and purported gambling den; and any number of Chop Suey houses. 1250 N. Clark York Super Food Market (Tom Hayashi, Tom Fukuda)       - Moved to 3240 N. Clark Kato Apartments (Kiyo Kato) Taniguchi Hotel (Thomas M. Taniguchi) Chicago Nichiren Buddhist Church (Rev. Yohaku Arakawa)       - Moved to 1620 N. LaSalle 1012 N. Clark Diamond Trading Company (Jun Toguri)       - Moved to 913 W. Belmont 1120 N. Clark Sun Grocery (John M. Yahiro) Tsukahara Rooming House (Fusakichi Tsukahara) 149 W. Division Asato Soybean Shop (Tokujin Asato) 1154 N. Clark Ding Hoe Chop Suey (Philip & John Moy, Ming Moy) 1126 N. Clark Aloha Inn (J.I. Suzuki) Liberty Inn (Kusuhei Yamamoto) J. Toguri Mercantile Interior Decorative Goods (Jun Toguri) 749 N. Wells Ken Restaurant (Ken Nagano) Round Plate Restaurant (Mary Shigetomi) 1016 N. Clark Gila River Restaurant (Kusuhei Yamamoto) Hinode Chop Suey 816 N. Clark Ave & Gahan Restaurant (Y. Maruyama) 1248 N. Clark Sanitary Restaurant (E. Kakita) New Service Grill (Noboru Taniguchi) Hinode Shokudo Tokyo Sukiyaki Futaba Shokudo 1416 N. Clark Hoe Lee Yun Restaurant (K.K. Wong, Frank Dor, Asako Takano) Ten Kin Chop Suey (Giichiro Tanaka) Sugano Apartments (Leo Sugano) Kitaoka Apartments 1132 N. Clark Ten Gen Restaurant (M. Kimura) Denya Restaurant Kin Mon Low Restaurant (S. Yokota) 1030 N. Clark Ted’s Café (T. Yamamoto) 1151 N. Clark Tenkatsu Restaurant (T. Miyaki)       - Moved to 3365 N. Clark Ginza Restaurant Kanaya Apartments Kitagawa Apartments (Koichi Kitagawa) 851 N. Clark> Clark Restaurant (Hiroshi Nukuto, Jisei Fukuda, Chester Joichi) 1222 N. Clark Wah Mai Lo Restaurant (Foon Der) 1122 N. Clark Surugaya Café (Yuzo Sakurada) Matsuya Restaurant (Takara Inouye)       - Moved to 3469 N. Clark 1153 N. Clark Excel Food Mart (Roy Kaneko) 218 W. North Rainbow Food Market (Tom Fukuda, George Takaki) 1358 N. Clark Ichifuku Restaurant Johnny’s 3-Decker Sandwich Shop (John Ishida)       - Moved to 3152 N. Broadway Hawaiian Club Recreation Center, 2nd Floor (John Lee) Asia Post Recreation Center, 2nd Floor 1130 N. Clark Rainbow Inn (Kay Yoshikawa) 813 N. Clark Washington Food Mart (Joe S. Wakamatsu) 815 N. Clark Golden Star Restaurant (L. Leong) Chi-Lark Apartment & Hotel (Tahei Matsunaga, Matsuji Matsushita) 1152 N. Wells Division-Wells Cafeteria (Tokujin Asato) 1150 N. Wells Division-Wells Food Mart (Tokujin Asato) 1219 N. Clark Asato Tofu Mfg. Co. (Tokujin Asato) Windsor Hotel (Shikuma Mori, Shotaro Yamamoto) 1244 N. Clark New Delaware Gardens Restaurant (Kay Nozawa) North Clark Laundromat (Hirabayashi, Terusaki) 1152 N. Clark Miyako Restaurant       - Moved to 3242 N. Clark 161 W. Oak Kimura Delicatessen (James Kimura) 228 W. North Kushida Restaurant 156 W. Division Tokyo Restaurant (Noboru Okayama) Wakayama Kenjinkai 42 W. Division Ting-A-Ling Candy Shop (John & Angelina Zaffer) 1219 N. LaSalle Midwest Buddhist Church, 1st Location (Rev. Gyodo Kono)       - Moved to 1441 N. Cleveland (Olivet Institute) 152 W. Division Midwest Buddhist Church Office 126 E. Chestnut Japanese Church of Christ of Chicago, 1st Location (Rev. Kohei Takeda, Rev. Sumio Koga, Rev. Yoshimatsu Oyama)       - Moved to 1136 N. LaSalle 1136 N. LaSalle Japanese Church of Christ of Chicago, 2nd Location       - Moved from 126 E. Chestnut       - Moved to 1343 N. Wells Subway Billiards (Joe Zipp) 1343 N. Wells Japanese Church of Christ of Chicago, 3rd Location       - Moved from 1136 N. LaSalle 879 N. State Chicago Zen Buddhist Church, 1st Location (Rev. Soyu Matsuoka) 1316 N. Clark Chicago Zen Buddhist Church, 3rd Location 62 W. Elm Chicago Zen Buddhist Church, 4th Location Richmond Apartments (James K. Hamano) Kawada Radio Service (Koo Kawada) 1620 N. LaSalle Chicago Nichiren Buddhist Church (2nd Location) 1635 N. Clark The Japanese Christian Church (Rev. Sadaichi Kuzuhara, Rev. Akira Kuroda, Rev. H.Y. Hashimoto) 30 W. Chicago Japanese Congregational Church (Rev. Kiyoshi Ishikawa) Lawson YMCA Judo (Hank Okamura) 73 W. Delaware Imamura Apartment (Thomas Imamura) Shingon Buddhist Church 11 E. Delaware Nozawa Apartment (Kay Nozawa) 746 N. LaSalle Home-Like Boarding House & Hotel (T.H. Tanabe, Sakaye Takahashi) 1124 N. Clark Hanaki Apts. & Rooms (Eizo Hanaki) Yamanashi Kenjinkai J. Toguri Mercantile Co. Retail Dept. (Jun Toguri) 1128 N. Clark Harada Apartments (Kameichi Harada) Kashu Mainichi, Los Angeles Japanese News Chicago Office Japanese American Business Association of Chicago Marusho Shoyu J. Toguri Mercantile Co. Wholesale & Book Dept. 159 W. Goethe Goethe Apt. Hotel (Mikitaro Sato) 1428 N. Clark Ito’s Apartments (Fred Ito) Shibata Apartment (Harold S. Shibata) 1337 N. LaSalle Kayahara Apartments Fred Hikida Apartments 1341 N. Clark Kawazoe Rooming House (Yae Kawazoe) 229 W. Scott Kiyohara Apartment 1039 N. LaSalle LaSalle Mansion & Annex (Yagoro & Hiroshi Kaneko, Tanaka, Tom & Mitsuji Oishi) Mutual Business Agency (Thomas S. Tomihiro) 1231 N. LaSalle Kochiyama Apartments (Frank Kochiyama) Motomura Apartment (Fujiyuki Motomura) 1300 N. LaSalle Masunaka Apartments (Hikobei Nakata) Takahashi Apartment (Yuichi Takahashi) Century Metal Craft Corporation (Koichi Masunaka) 1349 N. LaSalle Morishita Rooming House (Ryokichi & Mary Morishita) 1152 N. LaSalle Nukuto Apartment (Hiroshi Nukuto) 1345 N. LaSalle Omori Apartment (Kimiye Omori) 1330 N. LaSalle Sam’s Boarding House (Sam Hikawa) 56 W. Elm Richmond Apartments (Tom Okuhara) 1332 N. LaSalle Satow Apartments Iwasaki Apartment (Frank Iwasaki) 837 N. LaSalle Sugano Apartments (George & Tom T. Sugano) Empire Art Products (A.R. Katsuno) Tomio Sugano Travel Chicago English & Japanese Language School - Oriental Photo Studio (Bill T. Yamamoto)       - Became LaSalle Photo Service - National Chick Sexing Association (Ken Yoshihara, George Sugano) Fusataro Nakaya, M.D. 1421 N. Clark Takeuchi Apartment (L. Takeuchi) Sakamoto Apartments 1333 N. LaSalle Tsukuno Apartment Fujimoto Apartments 1246 N. Clark Virginia Apartments (Tahei Matsunaga) - Electric Sales & Service (Teruo Joe Nihei) 342 W. Chicago Willimac Hotel (Kawamura) 1216 N. Clark Yamasaki Rooming House 1016 N. Clark Gila River Rooming House (Yamamoto) 870 N. State Gold Hotel (T. Sasaki) 1238 N. Clark Pullman Apartment (Tom Okuhara, Sam Koizumi) Okuhara Hotel & Apts. (Tadaichi Okuhara) Veterans Cab (Don Noro) Nisei Tavern (Hiroto “Kaunch” Hirabayashi, Kazuo “Zoke” Hirabayashi)       - Became Nisei Lounge       - Moved to 3439 N. Sheffield 58 W. Elm Hinsdale Apartment (Kentaro Tanabe) Mutual Business Agency, 3rd Location (Thomas Tomihiro) 1540 N. LaSalle Wakatani Rooming House 1302 N. LaSalle Sakuma Apartments (Yunosuke Sakuma) 866 N. LaSalle Yamada Hotel (Richard Yamada) 1157 N. Clark Empire Apt. Hotel (Iseichi Hayashikawa) 7 W. Pearson Candee Apartments (Yoshito Sera) 1240 N. LaSalle Shizume Apartments (Henry Shizume) Sugano Apartments (Leo Sugano) 64 W. Elm Tsuchiya Apartments (Andrew K. Tsuchiya) Tanabe Apartment (Kentaro Tanabe) Mutual Business Agency, 2nd Location (Thomas Tomihiro) 1531 N. LaSalle Harry Hikida Apartments Oda Apartment (Frank T. Oda) 1206 N. LaSalle Kato Apartment (Kiyo Kato) 63 W. Chestnut Egawa Apartment (Sakauchi Egawa) International Sewing Machine Repair (H. Nitta) 159 W. Oak Egawa Apartment (Sakauchi Egawa) 1108 N. Clark Crystal Hotel (Ishi Suzuki, Shigeichi Yamate) Diamond Trading Co. (Toguri Grocery), 2nd Location (Jun Toguri)       - Moved to 913 W. Belmont 1150 N. LaSalle LaSalle Studio Apts. & Hotel (Tom Toru Sato) 1540 N. Clark Deguchi Apartment (Takeo Deguchi) 1220 N. Clark Katayama Hotel 821 N. LaSalle Sugano Apartments (George Sugano) National Chick Sexing Association       - Moved from 837 N. LaSalle 1244 N. LaSalle Koizumi Apartments (Sam Koizumi) Seiichi Koizumi Carpentry 55 E. Delaware Hirabayashi Apartment (Motoyoshi Hirabayashi) 1020 N. Clark Kaneko Apartment (Hiroshi Kaneko) Anchor Club Tavern (James Ishibashi) 1138 N. Clark Konishi Apartment (George Konishi) 1252 N. Clark Takahashi Apartment (Taisuke Takahashi) Takahashi & Co. Clothing 1547 N. Sedgwick Yagi Apartment (Genji Yagi) 157 W. Oak Katsuda Apartment (George Katsuda) 104 W. Oak Nishimura Apartment (Tadao Nishimura) Japanese American Employment Agency (George T. Nishimura)       - Moved from 1148 N. Clark 1426 N. LaSalle Tanabe Apartment (Yoshio Tanabe) 1253 N. Clark Fred Klaner Funeral Home (Serving the Japanese American community) 857 N. Clark Nisei Cleaners (Ken Kunimatsu) 114 W. Division Division Cleaners (Torao Hidaka) 1118 N. Clark Nisei Barber Shop (Masu & Eitaro Sakurada, Taigo Miyahara) Sakurada Carpentry Miyamoto Jewelry Eagle Barber Shop (George Inouye, F. Matsumoto) 1210 N. Clark The Powder Box Beauty Salon (Tsuyako Suzuki, Virginia Hara) Junji Hasegawa, M.D. Susumu Hasegawa, M.D. 111 W. Division Mark Twain Beauty Box (Kazu Kuwahara) 417 W. North Harry T. Kajita Watchmaker & Jeweler 133 W. Chicago Ogata Photography Studio (James Ogata)     - Moved to 1533 N. Clark 1533 N. Clark Ogata Photography Studio (James Ogata)       - Moved from 133 W. Chicago       - Became Triangle Camera       - Moved to 3445 N. Clark 1200 N. Clark The Speed-O-Sex Chick Sexing Institute (Jiro Yamaguchi) Oda Tailors (Munesue Oda) Harry Sabusawa Real Estate & Insurance Chicago Japanese American Civic Association Credit Union       - Moved to 1011 W. Belmont Japanese American Citizens League       - Moved to 21 W. Elm Thomas H. Hiura, D.D.S. Ben T. Chikaraishi, O.D.       - Moved to 1011 W. Belmont Hiura & Hiura, O.D. 1034 N. LaSalle LaSalle Photo Studio (Bill T. Yamamoto) Chicago Japanese American Civic Association Credit Union       - Moved from 837 N. LaSalle Chicago Japanese American Civic Association Credit Union       - Formerly Oriental Photo Studio Chicago Japanese American Civic Association Credit Union       - Moved to 1700 W. Diversey 835 N. LaSalle Avon Cosmetics (Mrs. Yo Fujita) 1162 N. Clark Frank’s Watch Repair (Frank Noda)       - Moved to 1168 N. LaSalle Sugano Travel Service       - Moved from 825 N. LaSalle Japanese American Association of Chicago 1168 N. LaSalle Frank’s Watch Repair (Frank Noda)       - Moved from 1162 N. Clark      - Moved to 3174 N. Broadway 810 N. Clark Ken Yoshihara Insurance Yoshihara Bookkeeping (Teruo Yoshihara) Yamada Insurance (Richard Yamada) Richard Hikawa, Attorney-At-Law Cosmopolitan Travel Service (Richard Yamada) Chicago Japanese American Hotel & Apartment Association Nisei Veterans Club 1449 N. Clark California Daily News (Shigenaga Kawada, Rep.) 1116 N. Clark Yamasaki Apartment (Tokusaburo Yamasaki) Rafu Shimpo, Los Angeles Japanese Daily News (Koichi Masunaka, Rep.) 1401 N. Sedgwick Sun Cleaners (Torao Hidaka) 1148 N. Clark Japanese American Employment Agency (George T. Nishimura)       - Moved to 104 W. Oak Hiroshima Kenjinkai 1134 N. Clark Li’l Tokyo Barber Shop (Tom Koyanagi) 821 N. Clark Sugano Bros. & Co. Bookkeeping 1035 N. Clark T.R. Cleaners (Anthony T. Muranaka) Jan’s Cleaners (Seiichi Kayahara) 140 W. North Tom’s Standard Service (Tom Fukuda)       - Moved to 2936 N. Halsted 1258 N. Clark Mid-City Cleaners (Hisatsune Nakaya) 800 N. Clark United Asia Trading (Hori Bros.) Arrow Pest Control (James Hamano) James Ogisaka, Attorney-At-Law Joe Y. Shibata, Attorney-At-Law 1310 N. Wells Chicago Shimpo Japanese American News (Ryoichi Fujii)       - Moved from 1325 E. 47th Street       - Moved to 3744 N. Clark 825 N. LaSalle Sugano Travel Service (Leo Sugano)       - Moved to 1162 N. LaSalle 33 E. Oak Ginza Gifts 1164 N. Clark Nichibei Mainichi, Los Angeles Japanese News Nisei Optical Center Minoru Amimoto, O.D. 227 W. Chicago S.O.S. Electronics (John Uehara) 147 W. Division Electric Shoe Repair (Masakiyo Arakawa) 1240 N. Clark North Clark Laundromat (Hirabayashi, Terusaki) 734 N. LaSalle Chicago Resettler’s Committee (Corky Kawasaki, Masaji Morita)       - Moved to 1110 N. LaSalle 1110 N. LaSalle Chicago Resettler’s Committee       - Moved from 734 N. LaSalle       - Became Japanese American Service Committee       - Moved to 3257 N. Sheffield Nisei Veterans of WWII (Mas Imon, Mike Hagiwara, Haruo Fujimoto, Shiro Kashino) Japanese American Council Hawaiian Club Cosmo Club (War Brides) CYO Nisei Center Chicago Nisei Sports Association (Bill Adachi) Midwest Golf Association (George Hiura) Bridge Club & Goh Tournaments Girls Club Council (Sorelles, Mam’selles, Debonnaires, Estelles, Jolenes, Chatelaines, Cidy’s, Yukiyes, Velvettes, Silhouettes, Maya’Devi, Serenes, Philos, Ting-A-Lings) 21 W. Elm Japanese American Citizens League       - Moved from 1200 N. Clark       - Moved to 5415 N. Clark 1364 N. Clark Chicago Mutual Aid Association       - Moved from 716 N. Clark 1158 N. Clark Playtime Tavern (Harry Nakamura) 1213 N. Clark Gold Coast Nisei Bowlers League 1149 N. Clark Sea Isle Hawaiian Nitery (“Pappy Lee”) 1050 N. LaSalle Sato Apartments (Mary Sato)