Discover Nikkei

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Tanforan Assembly Center

I remember that morning. We all assembled. Half a block from the house. It was a big crowd, and there was a line of buses on Bush Street. And they had soldiers. Military guards. And of course, at that age, my image of them, they were like monsters. Great big guys. And most of the nihonjins were all pretty much, much smaller. So the soldiers looked huge to me. And then we were given tags. I remember, it was kind of cold, drizzly, San Francisco weather. And then we, with our name tags, we boarded the buses. And as the buses pulled out, you look out the window and you see more of the Issei and Nisei, accumulating for the next bus, and they had the luggage and stuff all piled up.

Then it was, I can’t really remember the time of it. But the next thing you know, we were pulling up to Tanforan. I’ve never been there before because, you know, being a kid. A race track. And then we got off, and I remember seeing the grand stand. And then all these horse stables. But on the inner part of the, I guess you might say, Tanforan. The barracks were being built. But they were all pretty new.

We were one of the lucky ones that actually had a new barrack. But some of my earlier friends that went there, they were staying in the horse stables. I remember them saying that, when they arrived, the stench of the manure, from the horses, was just just terrible. And then, of course, they had horse flies flying around, and in the corner big cobwebs, you know.

And then, they had these army cots folded, kind of laying on the side there. So they would unfold the cots, and “Where’s the mattress?” They said, “See those sacks? You go out and there’s stacks of hay. So you just fill those sacks and that’s your mattress.” Can you imagine if you’re allergic or have allergies, to have to sleep on that. As well as the stench and the thing.


California forced removal San Francisco Tanforan temporary detention center temporary detention centers United States World War II World War II camps

Date: August 26, 2015

Location: California, US

Interviewer: John Esaki

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum

Interviewee Bio

Willie Ito was born July 17, 1934 in San Francisco, California to nisei parents. Seeing Snow White and the Seven Dwarves at the age of five inspired a lifelong love of animation. After his family's incarceration in Topaz, Utah during World War II, Willie returned to California to pursue an art career, attending the Walt Disney favorite Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles (which later became CalArts). Under the mentorship of legendary animator Iwao Takamoto, Willie's passion blossomed into a long career in the animation world through golden ages at Disney, Warner Brothers, and Hanna-Barbera. His credits span from The Lady and the Tramp and What's Opera Doc? to The Flinstones and the Yogi Bear Show. 

Willie continues drawing to this day, including illustration work on multiple children's books about the Japanese American World War II experience. You can also find him signing sketches and greeting fans at San Diego Comic-con. (September 2016)

Yuri Kochiyama
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Kochiyama,Yuri

Conditions of assembly centers

(1922–2014) Political and civil rights activist.

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Kochiyama,Yuri

Visit to assembly centers by E. Stanley Jones

(1922–2014) Political and civil rights activist.

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Wakako Nakamura Yamauchi
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Yamauchi,Wakako Nakamura

Her experience as a Japanese-American schoolchild in Oceanside, California, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor

(1924-2018) Artist and playwright.

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Roy H. Matsumoto
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Matsumoto,Roy H.

Finding work in the assembly center

(b.1913) Kibei from California who served in the MIS with Merrill’s Marauders during WWII.

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Frank Yamasaki
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Yamasaki,Frank

Making the decision to resist the draft

(b. 1923) Nisei from Washington. Resisted draft during WWII.

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George Azumano
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Azumano,George

Discharged from the U.S. Army after Pearl Harbor

(b. 1918) Founder Azumano Travel

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Venancio Shinki
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Shinki,Venancio

Closing the Japanese school and deportation (Spanish)

(b. 1932-2016) Peruvian painter

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George Katsumi Yuzawa
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Yuzawa,George Katsumi

Death of sister in October 1942

(1915 - 2011) Nisei florist who resettled in New York City after WW II. Active in Japanese American civil rights movement

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Gene Akutsu
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Akutsu,Gene

Living conditions in prison while serving time for resisting the draft

(b. 1925) Draft resister

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Gene Akutsu
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Akutsu,Gene

Talking to children about decision to resist the draft during World War II

(b. 1925) Draft resister

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Gene Akutsu
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Akutsu,Gene

Reflecting on Japanese Americans' response to incarceration

(b. 1925) Draft resister

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George Yamada
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Yamada,George

Encountering a train full of Japanese Americans being transported to a concentration camp

(b. 1923) Chick sexer

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Luis Yamada
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Yamada,Luis

Suffering in World War II (Spanish)

(b. 1929) Nisei Argentinean

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Henry Shimizu
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Shimizu,Henry

Sneaking out of the Hastings Park camp during World War II

(b. 1928) Doctor. Former Chair of the Japanese Canadian Redress Foundation.

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Henry Shimizu
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Shimizu,Henry

Government's permission to publish Japanese newspaper in Canada during World War II

(b. 1928) Doctor. Former Chair of the Japanese Canadian Redress Foundation.

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