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The day Pearl Harbor was bombed

When I drove to the main street, Pacific Avenue, I never saw this before, but here were soldiers and sailors and they were all trying to hitch a ride to their…well, to their wherever they were billeted. I mean, San Pedro had the Navy and it also had Fort McArthur. But, I thought, “Gee, I’d never seen anything like that.” You know, all the servicemen were hitchhiking. And, I happened to see a classmate of mine—he was from…he’s a Basque, sort of like, Spain—and, he was hitchhiking, too, so I yelled him to come over and I said,
--“What’s happening?” And, he got in the car and I said, “Where should I take you?”
--And then he told me that, “You didn’t hear the news reports and the radio?”
--I said, “No. What’s happening?”
--And he said, “Japan is bombing Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and so, we’re all on alert.”
And so then, he told me drive him to Fort McArthur, which I did. I was just baffled, I couldn’t believe it—that Japan had attacked Hawaii, or Pearl Harbor.

And then I went to the church, and for the first time I felt strange. All the time before I felt like any other white American, I thought I was just an American. But, when I went to the church, I could just feel the difference, that they were looking at me, not as another American as they have all this time, even my students looked sort of, I don’t know, that they didn’t know what to do and they didn’t know how to act towards me ‘cause I’m Japanese. And since…well, the whole church seemed…well, they didn’t know what to do. And so, they cut the Sunday school time very short. And, what I used to always do is have all the Sunday school kids pile into the car and I would take each one home. And so, even when they all piled in the car it was different, I mean, I guess ‘cause they were all aware that an American territory was being bombed.


armed forces military racism World War II

Date: June 16, 2003

Location: California, US

Interviewer: Karen Ishizuka, Akira Boch

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum.

Interviewee Bio

Yuri Kochiyama (nee Mary Nakahara) was born in the southern California community of San Pedro in 1922. She was “provincial, religious, and apolitical” until Japan’s December 7, 1941, bombing of the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawai`i led to the government’s mass incarceration of virtually all Japanese Americans. Her wartime detainment in two concentration camps in the segregated American South prompted her to see the parallels between the treatment of the Nikkei and African Americans.

After the war she married Bill Kochiyama, a veteran of a segregated Japanese American battalion, and lived in New York City. In 1960, the Kochiyamas moved their family into low-cost housing in the African American district of Harlem. Her political involvement there changed her life, especially after her 1963 meeting with Black Nationalist revolutionary Malcolm X, who was assassinated two years later. She has since had a long history of activism: for black liberation and Japanese American redress and against the Vietnam War, imperialism everywhere, and the imprisonment of people for combating injustice.  

She passed away on June 1, 2014, at age 93.  (June 2014)

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Sam Naito
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Difficulty getting work during World War II

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Paul Terasaki
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Difference between experiences of youth and older people in WWII camps

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Escaping to a small village in the mountains during the World War II (Spanish)

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First impression of New York City during war time

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