Discover Nikkei

https://www.discovernikkei.org/en/interviews/clips/576/

Trick in developing the film

What they did was they didn’t know anything about the internment experience. I mean they were so ignorant, they wanted Toshiro Mifune in there and so forth. And they said, “Oh well, do those people speak English?” You know, it was that kind of ignorance. And they wanted, of course, a White lead. They wanted Louis Frizel to be the lead and that’s why we had to put Gretchen in there. She was great, but we had to have a White woman in there, so that story was made up, that love story, you know.

Some of the things we had to do in order to get it even past the first round. But what John did is – he’s so smart – he showed them one script and then we worked on another script. And they didn’t know the difference. So we really patted down those other leads.


California concentration camps discrimination Farewell to Manzanar (film) (book) interpersonal relations Manzanar concentration camp movies racism United States World War II camps

Date: December 27, 2005

Location: California, US

Interviewer: John Esaki

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum

Interviewee Bio

Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston, co-author of the acclaimed Farewell to Manzanar, was born in 1934 in Inglewood, California. The youngest of ten children, she spent her early childhood in Southern California until 1942 when she and her family were incarcerated at the World War II concentration camp at Manzanar, California.

In 1945, the family returned to Southern California where they lived until 1952 when they moved to San Jose, California. Houston was the first in her family to earn a college degree. She met James D. Houston while attending San Jose State University. They married in 1957 and have three children.

In 1971, a nephew who had been born at Manzanar asked Houston to tell him about what the camp had been like because his parents refused to talk about it. She broke down as she began to tell him, so she decided instead to write about the experience for him and their family. Together with her husband, Houston wrote Farewell to Manzanar. Published in 1972, the book is based on what her family went through before, during, and after the war. It has become a part of many school curricula to teach students about the Japanese American experience during WWII. It was made into a made-for-television movie in 1976 that won a Humanitas Prize and was nominated for an Emmy in the category of Outstanding Writing in a Drama.

Since Farewell to Manzanar, Houston has continued to write both with her husband and on her own. In 2003, her first novel, The Legend of Fire Horse Woman was published. She also provides lectures in both university and community settings. In 2006, Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston received the Award of Excellence for her contributions to society from the Japanese American National Museum. (November 25, 2006)

Tom Yuki
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Yuki,Tom

Felt no hostility in Los Gatos, California after the war

(b. 1935) Sansei businessman.

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Mitsuru "Mits"  Kataoka
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Kataoka,Mitsuru "Mits"

Facing housing discrimination in Rhode Island

(1934–2018) Japanese American designer, educator, and pioneer of media technologies

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Mia Yamamoto
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Yamamoto,Mia

Influence of Mexican culture after returning from camp

(b. 1943) Japanese American transgender attorney

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Roger Shimomura
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Shimomura,Roger

A conversation with a farmer in Kansas

(b. 1939) Japanese American painter, printmaker & professor

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Fujima Kansuma
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Kansuma,Fujima

Dancing in Japan as an American, in the US as Japanese

(1918-2023) Nisei Japanese kabuki dancer

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Fred Y. Hoshiyama
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Hoshiyama,Fred Y.

Discrimination in San Francisco

(1914–2015) Nisei YMCA and Japanese American community leader

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Roger Shimomura
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Shimomura,Roger

Collection of artifacts depicting racial stereotypes influences art

(b. 1939) Japanese American painter, printmaker & professor

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Frank Yamasaki
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Yamasaki,Frank

Encountering racial discrimination at a public swimming pool

(b. 1923) Nisei from Washington. Resisted draft during WWII.

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Jack Herzig
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Herzig,Jack

His testimony has more credibility because of his race

(1922 - 2005) Former U.S. Army counterintelligence officer

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Margaret Oda
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Oda,Margaret

Gender discrimination in education field

(1925 - 2018) Nisei educator from Hawai‘i

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Mitsuru "Mits"  Kataoka
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Kataoka,Mitsuru "Mits"

Learned what it meant to be called “Jap” in Heart Mountain

(1934–2018) Japanese American designer, educator, and pioneer of media technologies

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George Katsumi Yuzawa
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Yuzawa,George Katsumi

First impression of New York City during war time

(1915 - 2011) Nisei florist who resettled in New York City after WW II. Active in Japanese American civil rights movement

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Kochiyama,Yuri

The day Pearl Harbor was bombed

(1922–2014) Political and civil rights activist.

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James Hirabayashi
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Hirabayashi,James

Not bringing shame to family

(1926 - 2012) Scholar and professor of anthropology. Leader in the establishment of ethnic studies as an academic discipline

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James Hirabayashi
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Hirabayashi,James

Past ties to present situation in Middle East

(1926 - 2012) Scholar and professor of anthropology. Leader in the establishment of ethnic studies as an academic discipline

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