Discover Nikkei

https://www.discovernikkei.org/en/interviews/clips/1202/

Euphemisms

Well, I’m a very strong opponent of euphemisms, and sort of a disciple of Ray Okamura, who initiated the war against euphemisms. But the problem with euphemisms is that they are more than just simply grammatically incorrect, they’ve had a very profound effect on the course of our history. So it was a big mistake to let the government get away with it. So I think the euphemisms were important to get away from things like “relocation center” and “evacuation.” Every time I read the newspapers today, and I hear people being evacuated because of this or that, I just sit there and shake my head. I say that’s the proper use of it. It doesn’t apply to us. We were not evacuated. We were excluded and detained.

I insisted on [the use of the terms] exclusion and detention because they are both violations of the Constitution. A lot of people (laughs) don’t realize it, but people have to be free to move from place to place. One of the ways that becomes real evident is in South Africa—the South African Constitution. Because people were not free to travel—the right to travel was stated explicitly in their new constitution. But it is implied implicitly in the United States’ Constitution. That’s just as much a violation as imprisonment. So by that standard, every Japanese American in America should be eligible for redress. I think that’s the way it should have been done legislatively. We didn’t get involved in legislation.


Constitution of the United States constitutions euphemisms exclusion imprisonment incarceration Ray Okamura United States

Date: June 12, 1998

Location: California, US

Interviewer: Darcie Iki, Mitchell Maki

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum

Interviewee Bio

In 1927, William Hohri was born the youngest of six children in San Francisco, California. Following the outbreak of World War II, he and his family became incarcerated at Manzanar concentration camp in California. A week after his high school graduation, Hohri was released from camp to study at Wheaton College in Wisconsin. In March 1945, Hohri attempted to visit his father in Manzanar and was instead imprisoned for traveling without a permit. Hohri was given an individual exclusion order and forced at gunpoint to leave California by midnight that same day.

Later, Hohri became a member of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), but was disappointed with their disregard to the anti-war and Civil Rights movements. When JACL moved towards supporting a congressional commission to study the concentration camps, a group of Chicago and Seattle dissenters led by Hohri formed the National Council for Japanese American Redress in May 1979, seeking redress through direct individual payments. Initially, Hohri and NCJAR worked with Representative Mike Lowry (D-Washington), but when the resolution was defeated, Hohri and NCJAR redirected their efforts to seek redress through the courts. Hohri, along with twenty four other plaintiffs, filed a class-action lawsuit on March 16, 1983, against the government for twenty-seven billion dollars in damages.

He passed away on Nov. 12, 2010 at age 83. (November 2011)

Bain,Peggie Nishimura

Evacuation

(b.1909) Nisei from Washington. Incarcerated at Tule Lake and Minidoka during WWII. Resettled in Chicago after WWII

Adachi,Pat

Family life in a Japanese Canadian internment camp in Slocan

(b. 1920) Incarcerated during World War II. Active member of the Japanese Canadian community

Kozawa,Sumiko

Her experience of Japanese American Evacuation

(1916-2016) Florist