James A. Hirabayashi
James Aikira Hirabayashi (1926-2012) teve uma notável carreira acadêmica de trinta anos na San Francisco State University, que incluiu o cargo de Reitor de Estudos de Graduação e Reitor de Estudos Étnicos. Nesta última posição, ele é reconhecido por sua liderança pioneira no estabelecimento da primeira Escola (agora Faculdade) de Estudos Étnicos do país. Ele também ocupou cargos de pesquisa e ensino na Universidade de Tóquio, no Japão, e na Universidade de Zaria, na Nigéria, na África. Ao longo de sua carreira, o Dr. Hirabayashi também forneceu orientação e direção aos programas educacionais e curatoriais do Museu Nacional Nipo-Americano, que incluíam suas coleções, exposições, programas de educação pública, filmes e pesquisas.
Atualizado em agosto de 2018
Stories from This Author
Atrás do arame farpado – Parte 2
6 de Setembro de 2018 • Lane Ryo Hirabayashi , James A. Hirabayashi
Leia a Parte 1 >> A eclosão da guerra eu me despeço para os rostos dos meus filhos adormecidos Enquanto sou feito prisioneiro Na chuva fria da noite -M. Ozaki 1 Em 1941, 158 mil pessoas de ascendência japonesa viviam no Havaí, 37% da população. Noventa e quatro mil viviam na Califórnia, mas constituíam apenas 1% da população. 2 Havia 25.000 nos estados de Washington e Oregon, com um total de 285.115 no Censo dos EUA de 1940. 3 Em …
Atrás do arame farpado – Parte 1
5 de Setembro de 2018 • Lane Ryo Hirabayashi , James A. Hirabayashi
Nota do editor: As palavras e frases usadas para descrever a história nipo-americana variam consideravelmente entre estudiosos, funcionários do governo e até mesmo aqueles diretamente afetados pela Ordem Executiva 9066: “relocações, “evacuação”, “encarceramento”, “internamento”, “campo de concentração”. Não existe um acordo geral sobre o que é mais preciso ou justo. Em 1994, um debate surgiu em torno da questão da terminologia quando o Museu Nacional Nipo-Americano abriu a exposição Campos de Concentração da América: Relembrando a Experiência Nipo-Americana. Quando a …
Four Hirabayashi Cousins: A Question of Identity - Part 5 of 5
14 de Junho de 2008 • James A. Hirabayashi
Part 4 >>Henry (Hank) Nobuo HirabayashiHank Nobuo Hirabayashi was born in Seattle on April 29, 1923. His father, Hamao, appears in many early photographs taken during the first decade of the 1900s with his bachelor cousins and friends. He was one of the earliest to emigrate and urged his cousins to join him. The families were to maintain close relationships throughout the pre-war years. Beginning in a day job in a hotel in Tacoma, Hamao saved his money and eventually …
Four Hirabayashi Cousins: A Question of Identity - Part 4 of 5
7 de Junho de 2008 • James A. Hirabayashi
Part 3 >>Robert (Bob) Taro MizukamiBob Taro Mizukami was born in 1922 in Star Lake in the hills above Kent, Washington. His mother, Isami, was the youngest sister of Gordon’s father, Shungo, and attended the academy Kensei Gijuku, before emigrating to America. Gordon’s mother, Mitsu, served as an informal “go-between” in his parents’ betrothal. Raised during the Depression, it seemed to Bob that the family was moving almost once a year. The Mizukamis lived and farmed in Thomas right next …
Four Hirabayashi Cousins: A Question of Identity - Part 3 of 5
31 de Maio de 2008 • James A. Hirabayashi
Part 2 >>Gordon Kiyoshi HirabayashiGordon Kiyoshi Hirabayashi’s father, Shungo, together with Grant’s father, Toshiharu, formed the core of the Thomas Mukyokai fellowship. Gordon was born in 1918 in Seattle, but his earliest memories are of living on the farm in Thomas, Washington, next door to his cousin Grant. The family moved to Seattle one winter to escape from the hard farm life, but returned to try farming again at the urging of the Mukyokai group. Gordon’s mother, Mitsu, was concerned …
Four Hirabayashi Cousins: A Question of Identity - Part 2 of 5
24 de Maio de 2008 • James A. Hirabayashi
Part 1 >>Grant Jiro HirabayashiGrant Jiro Hirabayashi was born in November 1919. He was named after the Rev. Ulysses Grant Murphy, a Methodist minister and former missionary to Japan who befriended the Mukyokai group. Grant’s father, Toshiharu, was considered the most knowledgeable among the Mukyokai fellowship, since he had attended academy in Hotaka longer than any of the others. Grant’s early religious exposure came from his family setting: “My parents made sure we went to church. I had at least …
Four Hirabayashi Cousins: A Question of Identity - Part 1 of 5
17 de Maio de 2008 • James A. Hirabayashi
The sudden onset of World War II on December 7, 1941, thrust the issue of identity to the forefront for all Japanese Americans. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 authorizing the War Department to prescribe military areas from which any or all persons might be excluded. This order served as the basis for Lt. Gen. John L. DeWitt to issue the curfew and exclusion orders. Public Proclamation No. 3 established a curfew from 8:00 …
“Concentration Camp” or “Relocation Center” - What’s in a Name?
24 de Abril de 2008 • James A. Hirabayashi
It was almost 20 years ago when I read an article by Dexter Waugh in the San Francisco Examiner titled “Semantic debates on war camps” (May 7, 1976). The issue revolved around the use of terminology on a plaque commemorating Tule Lake as a state historic landmark. At the time I exchanged several letters with the chair of the State Historical Resources Commission, a fellow anthropologist, who voted against the use of the term “concentration camp”, saying that he did …
