Licensing

1920's

1920
California’s new Alien Land Law prohibits Japanese immigrants from owning or leasing land. Many leave agricultural work and take up gardening in urban areas.

Japanese Exclusion League of California organized in San Francisco.

1922
U.S. Supreme Court ruling on Ozawa v. U.S. definitively bars Japanese immigrants from naturalization on basis of race.

1924
Immigration Act halts Japanese immigration to U.S.

1925
A group of Japanese American gardeners organizes in Riverside, California.

1927
Seattle Japanese Gardeners Association established with group of 25 gardeners.

1929
U.S. stock market crash brings financial ruin for thousands and ushers in the Great Depression.

To view more photographs from the 1920's, please see:

Eight Men, Eight Lawnmowers
Anti-Japanese Sign