During World War II, Japanese communities around the Pacific rim and elsewhere were subjected to displacement, internment, or incarceration. While the case of the West Coast of the United States is the most well-known, several nations hastily developed their own incarceration policies based on the assumption that Japanese communities, regardless of citizenship status or loyalty to the country, supported Japan.
In most cases, the punitive treatment of Japanese immigrant communities followed in the trail of longstanding immigration policies to exclude and discriminate against Japanese communit…