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Japanese American, not Japanese

Yeah. I was just reading the complaint, and in one section she had used the word Japanese Americans to refer to all Japanese Americans. I said, “Wait a minute. The Issei are not Japanese Americans.” And she just said, why not? They’ve been living here—after they moved here, they haven’t returned back to Japan, so they made America their country. So they are Japanese Americans. And I soon thought about that, and I say by golly, you’re right. But I had been so used to this [as a] separation of the Issei.

See in contrast now, (laughs) one of the things that grates is [when] both John McCloy1 and Colonel Karl Bendetsen2 testified with the commission. They consistently referred to us as Japanese—Japanese this, Japanese that. And I say wait a minute. I’m sitting there where the reporters do their stuff. And I say wait a minute, we’re not Japanese. We’re Japanese Americans. I’m not Japanese. (laughs) Don’t call me Japanese. Then in our second appellate experience in the Federal Circuit, the attorney for the government got up and kept referring to us as Japanese. I was almost about to go up to him after the hearing and say, hey, Mr. Bybee—or whatever his name was—I’m not Japanese. Please don’t call me Japanese. (laughs)

I’m just as American as you are. Don’t call me Japanese. (laughs) It’s an insult. I don’t know why they do that. It’s probably the way they perceive us, but I take great offense to that because it’s so inaccurate. It’s inept. And [I want to say] why do you, who is so intelligent and so well educated, why do you have to be so inept on something like that? Isn’t it obvious? It’s interesting. I’ve talked to some people from Japan, and we talk for a while, and we talk for a while. After a while they say—they say in Japanese, of course—they say, “Oh, you really are not Japanese, are you?” I say, “Yeah, that’s right. I’m not Japanese.” (laughs)

Notes:
1. John McCloy (1895-1989) was, as assistant secretary of war, one of the primary government officials responsible for formulating and carrying out the government's policy of the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II. He played an important role in altering racist underpinnings of Lieutenant General John L. Dewitt's Final Report on removal of Japanese Americans. McCloy sent the report back for revision to indicate military necessity in justifying the government's position on mass removal and incarceration. All earlier drafts of DeWitt's Final Report were ordered destroyed and unmentioned. Discovery of an extant copy in Karl Bendetsen's personnel file indicated its existence. McCloy's actions did much to uphold the Supreme Court's decisions in Korematsu v. U.S., Yasui v. U.S., and Hirabayashi v. U.S.

2. Karl Bendetsen (1907-1989) was one of the chief architects in devising the plan for the mass removal of West Coast Japanese Americans during World War II. Employed as chief aide to Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt, Bendetsen served as liaison between the War Department and the Western Defense Command (WDC). Bendetsen was an extremely vocal critic of the Redress Movement.


cultural identity generations group identity identity immigrants immigration Issei Japan migration

Date: June 12, 1998

Location: California, US

Interviewer: Darcie Iki, Mitchell Maki

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum

Interviewee Bio

In 1927, William Hohri was born the youngest of six children in San Francisco, California. Following the outbreak of World War II, he and his family became incarcerated at Manzanar concentration camp in California. A week after his high school graduation, Hohri was released from camp to study at Wheaton College in Wisconsin. In March 1945, Hohri attempted to visit his father in Manzanar and was instead imprisoned for traveling without a permit. Hohri was given an individual exclusion order and forced at gunpoint to leave California by midnight that same day.

Later, Hohri became a member of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), but was disappointed with their disregard to the anti-war and Civil Rights movements. When JACL moved towards supporting a congressional commission to study the concentration camps, a group of Chicago and Seattle dissenters led by Hohri formed the National Council for Japanese American Redress in May 1979, seeking redress through direct individual payments. Initially, Hohri and NCJAR worked with Representative Mike Lowry (D-Washington), but when the resolution was defeated, Hohri and NCJAR redirected their efforts to seek redress through the courts. Hohri, along with twenty four other plaintiffs, filed a class-action lawsuit on March 16, 1983, against the government for twenty-seven billion dollars in damages.

He passed away on Nov. 12, 2010 at age 83. (November 2011)

Hiroshi Sakane
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Hiroshi Sakane

A strong Japanese identity (Japanese)

(b. 1948) Executive Director of Amano Museum

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Kathryn Doi Todd
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Kathryn Doi Todd

Coming into Japanese Culture and Heritage

(b. 1942) The first Asian American woman judge

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Kathryn Doi Todd
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Kathryn Doi Todd

On Justice Todd’s Involvement with the Japanese American Cultural and Community Center

(b. 1942) The first Asian American woman judge

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Edward Toru Horikiri
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Edward Toru Horikiri

Boarding house life and the Issei (Japanese)

(b. 1929) Kibei Nisei

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Edward Toru Horikiri
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Edward Toru Horikiri

My father’s venture into the hotel business (Japanese)

(b. 1929) Kibei Nisei

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Edward Toru Horikiri
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Edward Toru Horikiri

Luckiest Issei

(b. 1929) Kibei Nisei

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Edward Toru Horikiri
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Edward Toru Horikiri

“Junior Issei” (Japanese)

(b. 1929) Kibei Nisei

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Juan Alberto Matsumoto
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Juan Alberto Matsumoto

Father’s Reason For Moving to Argentina (Japanese)

(b. 1962) Nisei Japanese Argentinian, currently residing in Japan

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Haruo Kasahara
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Haruo Kasahara

Days I spent aching for Japan in tears (Japanese)

(b.1900) Issei plantation worker in Hawai'i.

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Haruo Kasahara
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Haruo Kasahara

Tough work on plantation (Japanese)

(b.1900) Issei plantation worker in Hawai'i.

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Haruo Kasahara
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Haruo Kasahara

Leaving children in daycare all day to work (Japanese)

(b.1900) Issei plantation worker in Hawai'i.

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Haruo Kasahara
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Haruo Kasahara

How we were treated on plantation after the attack on Pearl Harbor (Japanese)

(b.1900) Issei plantation worker in Hawai'i.

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Kazumu Naganuma
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Kazumu Naganuma

Parent's immigration to Peru

(b. 1942) Japanese Peruvian incarcerated in Crystal City

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Masato Ninomiya
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Masato Ninomiya

From scrubbing pad factory worker to tailor

Professor of Law, University of Sao Paulo, Lawyer, Translator (b. 1948)

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Masato Ninomiya
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Masato Ninomiya

Occupations of early Japanese immigrants

Professor of Law, University of Sao Paulo, Lawyer, Translator (b. 1948)

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