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https://www.discovernikkei.org/en/interviews/clips/1018/

Fully aware of discrimination in America

You know the thing that a lot of people don’t understand is that in our bull sessions, particularly among the officers, how seriously we took our task of being a combat unit. We realized that we would be the first Asian combat unit ever. And that we were all fully aware of - but I won’t repeat here - but we talked endlessly about the inequities of life in America. For example, here in Los Angeles, I don’t care how much schooling you had, I don’t care how well groomed you are, you were, in those days, you couldn’t even get a job as a bank teller. That’s the lowest, maybe you could get a job as a… a girl could get a job as a telephone operator, where she’s hidden in the back room, but not in the front. You couldn’t be…no big corporation would hire you for anything that required you for being in the public.

And so, back in those days, we didn’t have the big supermarkets, but then you ended up working in a food stand or you ended up working in a butcher shop in the back for the Chinese people, or you ended up doing something other than what required...that enabled you to wear decent clothes and a tie. See? There was just nothing there for the average person. In Hawaii, well, you could get a job as a bank teller, but then you would have to work harder than the Caucasian, get less - be paid a different wage. I mean there was no hidden thing about it. There was a double weight scale.


100th Infantry Battalion 442nd Regimental Combat Team discrimination interpersonal relations racism United States Army

Date: August 28, 1995

Location: California, US

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum

Interviewee Bio

Colonel Young Oak Kim (U.S. Army Ret.) was a decorated combat veteran as a member of the 100th Infantry Battalion/442nd Regimental Combat Team during World War II and a respected community leader. He was born in 1919 in Los Angeles, CA to Korean immigrants.

Following the outbreak of war, he was assigned to the “all-Nisei” 100th as a young officer, but was given a chance for reassignment because the common belief was that Koreans and Japanese did not get along. He rejected the offer stating that they were all Americans. A natural leader with keen instincts in the field, Colonel Kim’s battlefield exploits are near legendary.

Colonel Kim continued to serve his country in the Korean War where he became the first minority to command an Army combat battalion. He retired from the Army in 1972. He was awarded 19 medals, including the Distinguished Service Cross, a Silver Star, two Bronze Stars, three Purple Hearts, and the French Croix de Guerre.

Later in life, Colonel Kim served the Asian American community by helping to found the Go For Broke Educational Foundation, the Japanese American National Museum, the Korean Health, Education, Information and Research Center and the Korean American Coalition among others. He died from cancer on December 29, 2005 at the age of 86. (August 8, 2008)

James Hirabayashi
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James Hirabayashi

Not bringing shame to family

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James Hirabayashi
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James Hirabayashi

Past ties to present situation in Middle East

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Robert Katayama
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Being ordered to keep a diary that was later confiscated, ostensibly by the FBI

Hawaiian Nisei who served in World War II with the 442nd Regimental Combat Team.

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Barbara Kawakami
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Barbara Kawakami

Helping soldiers

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Barbara Kawakami
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Barbara Kawakami

Okinawan discrimination

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Yuri Kochiyama

Didn't have rights that whites had

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Yuri Kochiyama

Californians didn't know about evacuation

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Yuri Kochiyama

The day Pearl Harbor was bombed

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Yuri Kochiyama

Father as prisoner of war in hospital

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Yuri Kochiyama

Patriotism versus loyalty

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Yuri Kochiyama

Idealism before war, being red, white and blue

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Yuri Kochiyama

Camp as a positive thing

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Yuri Kochiyama

Mr. Finch, godfather of the 442nd

(1922–2014) Political and civil rights activist.

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Yuri Kochiyama

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Wakako Nakamura Yamauchi
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Wakako Nakamura Yamauchi

Her experience as a Japanese-American schoolchild in Oceanside, California, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor

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