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Arrested in camp for trying to leave

I and Mineta Tonesa were the full, also one of the seven, we uh, walked out of camp. Just trying to see what would happen. And also, this was, I think this was during the period when we hadn’t had meetings, mass meetings. And we wanted to establish that there was no freedom of egress or ingress in camp. And we got to the gate and started walking out and the guard said something like you can’t go out without a pass, this and that. And we argued saying that oh we’re American citizens we didn’t do anything wrong, you know. We put in just going down to the next town. And he says “Well, if you keep walking, I’ll just have to shoot you.” Well, we figured no point in getting shot so we had him arrest us. And we spent the next couple of days at the guardhouse. At the army guardhouse at the camp. Which wasn’t bad, good food, for a change...

Yeah, I think the next, I forget how many days later we had a hearing. In front of Robertson, the director, the WRA director, the camp counsel, the camp security, the outside security, and military police. They had about five or six there, sitting in this horse shoe and we were right in the center there. Getting questioned. And uh, I think you have my question and answers there. (Chuckles). But uh, that’s what we wanted to establish. That if we got into any kind of legal process afterwards we might be of some use. We wanted to show that we were prisoners, that we weren’t uh, you know free. That was our purpose, and that’s what we uh, although it didn’t help us at all at the trial.


civil rights imprisonment incarceration resistance World War II World War II camps

Date: May 9, 2006

Location: California, US

Interviewer: Lisa Itagaki

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum

Interviewee Bio

Frank Emi was born on September 23, 1916 in Los Angeles, CA. He ran the family produce business until life was interrupted by war. Emi was sent to Heart Mountain, Wyoming with his young wife and two kids.

Emi, along with many others, openly questioned the constitutionality of the incarceration of Japanese Americans. He helped form the Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee and protested against the government’s actions by organizing a draft resistance. Emi was not even eligible for the draft because he was a father.

The Fair Play Committee argued that they were willing to serve in the military, but not until their rights as U.S. citizens were restored and their families released from the camps. The government convicted Emi and six others leaders of conspiracy to evade the draft. He served 18 months in jail. 86 others from Heart Mountain were put on trial and imprisoned for resisting the draft.

Following the war, Emi and other draft resisters were ostracized by Japanese American leaders and veterans. It was not until the fight for Redress, some forty years later that the Fair Play Committee was vindicated for taking a principled stand against injustice.

He passed away on December 2010 at age 94. (December 2010)

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George Katsumi Yuzawa

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(1915 - 2011) Nisei florist who resettled in New York City after WW II. Active in Japanese American civil rights movement

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Henry Shimizu
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Henry Shimizu

No immediate impact after Pearl Harbor

(b. 1928) Doctor. Former Chair of the Japanese Canadian Redress Foundation.

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Henry Shimizu
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Henry Shimizu

Treatment of Japanese fishermen in Canada during World War II

(b. 1928) Doctor. Former Chair of the Japanese Canadian Redress Foundation.

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Henry Shimizu
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Henry Shimizu

Japanese newspaper supported by Canadian government during World War II

(b. 1928) Doctor. Former Chair of the Japanese Canadian Redress Foundation.

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Eric Nakamura
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Eric Nakamura

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James Hirabayashi
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James Hirabayashi

Life in camp as teenager

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James Hirabayashi
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James Hirabayashi

Gordon's parents' experience in prison

(1926 - 2012) Scholar and professor of anthropology. Leader in the establishment of ethnic studies as an academic discipline

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Mas Kodani
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Mas Kodani

Fun at concentration camp

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Yuri Kochiyama

Hiding what happened in camp

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Yuri Kochiyama
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Yuri Kochiyama

Issei are hard-working

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Yuri Kochiyama

Camp as a positive thing

(1922–2014) Political and civil rights activist.

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Archie Miyatake
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Archie Miyatake

His father describes the importance of photographing camp life

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Grayce Ritsu Kaneda Uyehara
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Grayce Ritsu Kaneda Uyehara

Importance of education in achieving redress for incarceration

(1919-2014) Activist for civil rights and redress for World War II incarceration of Japanese Americans.

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Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston
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Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston

Initial impact on life at camp

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Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston
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Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston

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