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https://www.discovernikkei.org/en/interviews/clips/1686/

Her brother’s reasons as a No-No Boy

He had answered “No” to those two questions, because he said, “No, I’m a pacifist, I don’t believe in killing, and therefore I wouldn’t bear arms under any circumstances,” and the second, he said, “No, because I didn’t swear allegiance to the emperor of Japan in the first place, and so why should I forswear allegiance?” And so he answered “No” to the questions. And – as I said, apparently, nobody read the questionnaires after – we had left camp anyway.

So about a year – we were in Cincinnati for about a year, at University of Cincinnati, and the FBI came to his rooming house to ask him, with a copy of his questionnaire, to – if he would change his answers to “Yes.” And I remember Mike said he – said, “No,” he wasn’t gonna change it. And – and I remember yelling at him, I said, “What? Are you crazy?”

Of course he was expelled from the school. Because…the school – well he wasn’t expelled actually; they said that they were doing “sensitive war work on campus,” and therefore, the campus was “off-limits” to him. And so then he was not able to take his final exams at the end of his first year. And so then he failed all his classes. And so then he immediately – he left Cincinnati to go to Boston – he graduated from Boston University later.


education loyalty questionnaire no-no boys World War II

Date: August 7, 2018

Location: California, US

Interviewer: Sharon Yamato

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum

Interviewee Bio

Mitsuye Yamada was born in 1923 while her mother was visiting family in Japan. She grew up in Seattle, Washington until World War II when they were sent to Minidoka, Idaho. A Quaker volunteer helped her to leave camp by finding her a job in Cincinnati, Ohio. Yamada attended the University of Cincinnati and earned a BA from New York University and an MA from the University of Chicago.

She was able to become a naturalized U.S. citizen following passage of the McCarran-Walter Immigration Act and received her citizenship in 1955.

She was a constant writer from the time she was young, and her first book of poetry taken from her writings in Minidoka, Camp Notes and Other Poems, was published in 1976. She started teaching and published more books after a health scare when she was 39 years old.

She helped to start a human rights group in Irvine, California that eventually led to her becoming elected to the Amnesty International Board of Directors in the 1980s and has been active in many human rights causes, especially known for her activism for woman's rights. (August 2018)

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