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Being Confused about Racial Identity in Postwar United States

You’re – I’m American, but I was – for years, you know, you wonder. I remember when I got out of camp, then I – when I was going off to school, still, even though it was a few years after – and then I went down South, I didn’t know at first, “Which bathroom am I supposed to go into?” One is for “White,” one is for “Black,” and I thought, “I’m not white, I’m not black, but, you know, during the war, I’m Japanese, I was put into camp. Maybe I should go into the black one.” It was – I don’t remember which one I went into. I know that it was – every time I saw that, I thought, “I really don’t know which one I’m really supposed to go into.”


postwar racism United States World War II

Date: November 8, 2018

Location: California, US

Interviewer: June Berk

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum

Interviewee Bio

Takayo Fischer, born in November 1932, is a Nisei American stage, film, and TV actress. During World War II, as a young child, she and her family were forcibly evacuated from the West Coast and spent time in the Fresno Assembly Center before being relocated to Jerome and Rohwer concentration camps. Fischer later lived in Chicago, Illinois, where, as a young adult, she won the crown of “Miss Nisei Queen.” She has appeared in dozens of major Hollywood films, including Moneyball (2011), Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007), The Pursuit of Happyness (2006), and Memoirs of a Geisha (2005). She also appeared in the stage production of The World of Suzie Wong in New York in 1958 and many productions with East West Players in Los Angeles. (June 2018)

Schneider,Jean Hamako

Conflicted about immigrating to America (Japanese)

(b. 1925) War bride

Fukuhara,Jimmy Ko

After being discharged and returning to the nursery business

(b. 1921) Nisei veteran who served in the occupation of Japan

Yamashiro,Michelle

Okinawan Americans

Okinawan American whose parents are from Peru.

Yuki,Tom

Japanese were not welcomed back to Salinas

(b. 1935) Sansei businessman.

Yuki,Tom

Able to settle easily in Los Gatos with foresight and luck

(b. 1935) Sansei businessman.

Yamashiro,Michelle

Parents identification as Peruvian Okinawan

Okinawan American whose parents are from Peru.

Yamashiro,Michelle

American values she aligns with

Okinawan American whose parents are from Peru.

Yamashiro,Michelle

Working together in Okinawa using three languages

Okinawan American whose parents are from Peru.

Kakita,Howard

Reuniting with parents in America

(b. 1938) Japanese American. Hiroshima atomic bomb survivor

Kakita,Howard

His views on nuclear weapons

(b. 1938) Japanese American. Hiroshima atomic bomb survivor

Yamamoto,Mia

Understanding anti black racism in high school

(b. 1943) Japanese American transgender attorney