Discover Nikkei

https://www.discovernikkei.org/en/interviews/clips/1009/

Arrested in camp for trying to leave

I and Mineta Tonesa were the full, also one of the seven, we uh, walked out of camp. Just trying to see what would happen. And also, this was, I think this was during the period when we hadn’t had meetings, mass meetings. And we wanted to establish that there was no freedom of egress or ingress in camp. And we got to the gate and started walking out and the guard said something like you can’t go out without a pass, this and that. And we argued saying that oh we’re American citizens we didn’t do anything wrong, you know. We put in just going down to the next town. And he says “Well, if you keep walking, I’ll just have to shoot you.” Well, we figured no point in getting shot so we had him arrest us. And we spent the next couple of days at the guardhouse. At the army guardhouse at the camp. Which wasn’t bad, good food, for a change...

Yeah, I think the next, I forget how many days later we had a hearing. In front of Robertson, the director, the WRA director, the camp counsel, the camp security, the outside security, and military police. They had about five or six there, sitting in this horse shoe and we were right in the center there. Getting questioned. And uh, I think you have my question and answers there. (Chuckles). But uh, that’s what we wanted to establish. That if we got into any kind of legal process afterwards we might be of some use. We wanted to show that we were prisoners, that we weren’t uh, you know free. That was our purpose, and that’s what we uh, although it didn’t help us at all at the trial.


civil rights imprisonment incarceration resistance World War II World War II camps

Date: May 9, 2006

Location: California, US

Interviewer: Lisa Itagaki

Contributed by: Watase Media Arts Center, Japanese American National Museum

Interviewee Bio

Frank Emi was born on September 23, 1916 in Los Angeles, CA. He ran the family produce business until life was interrupted by war. Emi was sent to Heart Mountain, Wyoming with his young wife and two kids.

Emi, along with many others, openly questioned the constitutionality of the incarceration of Japanese Americans. He helped form the Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee and protested against the government’s actions by organizing a draft resistance. Emi was not even eligible for the draft because he was a father.

The Fair Play Committee argued that they were willing to serve in the military, but not until their rights as U.S. citizens were restored and their families released from the camps. The government convicted Emi and six others leaders of conspiracy to evade the draft. He served 18 months in jail. 86 others from Heart Mountain were put on trial and imprisoned for resisting the draft.

Following the war, Emi and other draft resisters were ostracized by Japanese American leaders and veterans. It was not until the fight for Redress, some forty years later that the Fair Play Committee was vindicated for taking a principled stand against injustice.

He passed away on December 2010 at age 94. (December 2010)

Watanabe,Margarida Tomi
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Watanabe,Margarida Tomi

Donating clothes to the Japanese interns (Japanese)

(1900–1996) The mother of Nikkei Brazilian immigration

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Watanabe,Margarida Tomi
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Watanabe,Margarida Tomi

Interrogation by police (Japanese)

(1900–1996) The mother of Nikkei Brazilian immigration

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Kozawa,Sumiko
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Kozawa,Sumiko

Memories of Manzanar

(1916-2016) Florist

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Kozawa,Sumiko
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Kozawa,Sumiko

Wind in camp

(1916-2016) Florist

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Shigekawa,Sakaye
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Shigekawa, Sakaye

Unable to work when the war broke out

(1913-2013) Doctor specializing in obstetrics in Southern California

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Kozawa,Sumiko
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Kozawa,Sumiko

Her grandfather and Dr. Thompson

(1916-2016) Florist

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Kozawa,Sumiko
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Kozawa,Sumiko

Her grandmother comes to Manzanar

(1916-2016) Florist

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Moromisato,Doris
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Moromisato, Doris

Necessary apologies (Spanish)

(b. 1962) Peruvian Poet, Okinawan descendant

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Shimo,Cedrick
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Shimo,Cedrick

Angry about the mistranslations of his father’s testimonies

(1919-2020) Member of the 1800th Engineering Battalion. Promoted Japan-U.S. trade while working for Honda's export division.

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Shimo,Cedrick
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Shimo,Cedrick

Not able to go to Manzanar on a furlough

(1919-2020) Member of the 1800th Engineering Battalion. Promoted Japan-U.S. trade while working for Honda's export division.

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Shimo,Cedrick
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Shimo,Cedrick

“All I have dear to me is in the camp”

(1919-2020) Member of the 1800th Engineering Battalion. Promoted Japan-U.S. trade while working for Honda's export division.

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Suto,Henry
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Suto,Henry

Feelings upon listening to the imperial rescript (Japanese)

(1928 - 2008) Drafted into both the Japanese Imperial Army and the U.S. Army.

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Amano,Miyoko
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Amano,Miyoko

Yoshitaro Amano, Forced to Return to Japan by Prisoner of War Exchange Ship (Japanese)

(b. 1929) President of Amano Museum

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Sakoguchi,Ben
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Sakoguchi,Ben

Getting measles at the camp

(b. 1938) Japanese American painter & printmaker

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Westdale,Virgil
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Westdale,Virgil

Dachau prisoners

(1918-2022) Hapa World War II veteran, pilot

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